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Friday, February 3, 2017

The Salesman (2016): Arthur Miller Plays Tehran

The last three films of writer-director Asghar Farhadi, one of my absolute favorite working filmmakers, have been pure gems: About Elly (2009) – winner of the Silver bear for Best Director at the Berlinale [Berlin Int’l Film Festival] and the award for Best Narrative Feature at Tribeca that year (but only commercially released in the US in 2015), A Separation (2011) – winner of Best Foreign Language Film Oscar), and The Past (2013) – winner of the Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film and a Best Actress award at Cannes for Berenice Bejo. Now comes The Salesman (2016), which again is nominated for an Academy Award in the Best Foreign Language Film category*, and for which Farhadi already has received the Best Screenplay award and his lead actor, Shahab Hosseini, the Best Actor award at Cannes.        [*Editor's note: The Salesman won this Oscar. ]

So what? Prizes certainly elicit our interest, but is The Salesman really any good; and is it worth seeing? In this case, yes and yes.  

Farhadi works in and is a master of the genre of domestic dramas – by which I mean that his films are about human beings, the complexity of human relationships, and the kinds of incidents occurring in the lives of ordinary people - often seemingly little things that turn out to have an outsize effect – impelling them to make choices that reveal some unexpectedly deep things about themselves and fatefully impact their most important relationships. Along the way we get subtle and not so subtle social commentary about class, the idea of progress, gender roles, the role of law, culture and custom. We Westerners get an additional bonus: an insider’s revealing depiction of the lives and milieu of middle class Iranians. It is fascinating to see these people in their world, and guess what? They are pretty much the same as us.

This may be one reason that The Salesman works so well and is so interesting to Western audiences.  The story involves a young, attractive couple, Emad (Shahab Hosseini) and Rana (Taraneh Alidoosti), who are actors in a company putting on a production of Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman in Tehran. He plays the tragic hero Willy Loman and she is Willy’s wife, Linda. We meet them as they are awakened by great hubbub at their Tehran apartment building in the middle of the night. The building is subsiding and threatened with collapse. Window glass breaks and great cracks appear in the walls. Everyone must immediately evacuate. Emad leaps into action and helps lead the evacuation effort. (Yes, this is dramatic foreshadowing.)

[Spoiler non-alert: What follows seems detailed, but only touches on early events that set the heart of the story in motion. This is for context, but does not reveal most of the plot and will not spoil your enjoyment.]

The couple is able to find a new temporary apartment, but it comes with a hitch: the previous occupant left in a hurry, leaving a bunch of her clothes and furniture locked in one of the two bedrooms; and she keeps deferring plans to remove this stuff.  We never meet this phantom character, but her legacy is felt.  One day, thinking Emad is downstairs, Rana buzzes him in and leaves the apartment door open for him as she goes to take a shower. But it is someone else. When Emad does arrive home, there’s blood on the floor, and Rana is being treated for a head injury.  Exactly what happened is neither shown nor made entirely clear, but she had been assaulted by someone.

That the specifics of the assault remain foggy has to do with a major theme of Farhadi in this and his earlier movies: communication. Time and again characters withhold information from  one another, communicating only portions of the whole story. Rana tells Emad that she doesn’t remember much of what happened, for example; but we get the sense that she recalls more than she says. Whether her reticence derives from a need to bury painful memories, or from shame, or to spare further anguish to her husband or for fear of his possible reaction is not clear.

She doesn’t want to report the incident to the police; but Emad can’t just let it go. He has to find out who did this, and obtain some kind of justice. With him, we are drawn into a mystery-detective story. He mostly goes about this without discussing or explaining to his wife what he’s doing or why he’s doing it. And we must wonder too, is Emad seeking justice? vengeance? expiation of shame? Whose shame? Vengeance for who? What is increasingly clear is that an incident that might have brought this couple together instead is creating marital stress. Later, when a suspect is identified, The Salesman becomes an intricate cat and mouse psychological drama on top of everything else. The power of the film just builds and builds.

Part of this power derives from the way we get to know these characters. Part of that is Farhadi’s tight  story structure and brilliant writing which slowly, steadily builds the dramatic and emotional pressure and allows us inside the psychology and souls of his very human characters. Part is the wonderful acting by the two leads and by Farid Sajjadi Hosseini, who gives a quite moving supporting performance as the suspect, known in the credits simply as “the man”.  By the end it’s hard to know who to have sympathy for.  Me, I felt for everyone.

How is all this connected to Death of a Salesman? There are many connections that can be drawn between the characters and themes of Arthur Miller’s play and those in The Salesman. Most of these parallels are indirect or thematic, rather than literal. Some relate to Emad and/or his relationship with Rana; some to “the man”, his place in society, and his relationships. One need not be familiar with Death of a Salesman to understand and appreciate The Salesman, but for those who are, there’s an additional dimension of interest. It's fun to consider and discuss where parallels may exist.  Farhadi has commented on one ironic similarity: “On stage Emad and Rana play the roles of the salesman and his wife. And in their own life, without realizing it, they are going to be confronted with a salesman and his family” with a role in deciding his fate.

One of Miller’s themes had to do with the effects of change on old-timers exemplified by Willy Loman – confronting a new generation with different business practices, changing neighborhoods, the rise of a new post-war middle class, and so on. The unfettered new construction in Teheran referenced in the first scene of The Salesman mirrors such concerns, and so do some of the circumstances of “the man” as we later discover. In Iran, says Farhadi, “Things are changing at a breath-taking pace, and it’s adapt or die. The social critique at the heart of the play is still valid in our country today.”

The Salesman is a finely wrought, beautiful, intelligent and affecting film that deserves to be seen.  (The same can be said for Farhadi’s other films referenced above.) If you appreciate drama, you won’t be sorry.

Grade: A

The Salesman is currently being shown in select theaters nationwide.

If you haven’t seen some of the earlier Farhadi movies:
About Elly is available streaming and on dvd from Netflix
A Separation is available streaming from Filmstruck, Amazon, iTunes, GooglePlay, and elsewhere; and on DVD from Netflix
The Past is available streaming from Amazon, GooglePlay, Vudu and elsewhere; and on DVD from Netflix

Postscript:

The Salesman has been in the political news recently. Because of President Trump’s recent executive orders blocking immigration from the Muslim world and all travel to the US from Iran (and six other predominantly Islamic nations), and the uncertainty along with increased international tensions that this has caused, he and his lead actors have cancelled their plans to come to the US for the Oscar ceremonies. In announcing this decision, Farhadi released the following statement

Hard-liners, despite their nationalities, political arguments and wars, regard and understand the world in very much the same way. In order to understand the world, they have no choice but to regard it via an “us and them” mentality, which they use to create a fearful image of “them” and inflict fear in the people of their own countries.

This is not just limited to the United States; in my country hardliners are the same. For years on both sides of the ocean, groups of hardliners have tried to present to their people unrealistic and fearful images of various nations and cultures in order to turn their differences into disagreements, their disagreements into enmities and their enmities into fears. Instilling fear in the people is an important tool used to justify extremist and fanatic behavior by narrow-minded individuals.


However, I believe that the similarities among the human beings on this earth and its various lands, and among its cultures and its faiths, far outweigh their differences. I believe that the root cause of many of the hostilities among nations in the world today must be searched for in their reciprocal humiliation carried out in its past and no doubt the current humiliation of other nations are the seeds of tomorrow’s hostilities. To humiliate one nation with the pretext of guarding the security of another is not a new phenomenon in history and has always laid the groundwork for the creation of future divide and enmity. I hereby express my condemnation of the unjust conditions forced upon some of my compatriots and the citizens of the other six countries trying to legally enter the United States of America and hope that the current situation will not give rise to further divide between nations.

1 comment:

  1. Once again, an excellent review Len. A wonderful movie, but I must confess the death of a salesman theme eluded me.

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